Sam Vaknin distinguishes control from manipulation, power plays, and sadomasochism, arguing that control focuses on securing people as sources of outcomes and is largely unconscious. He outlines controller motivations—narcissistic grandiosity and separation/abandonment insecurity—and techniques such as withholding information, intimidation, disorientation (e.g., gaslighting), and expectation-broadcasting. He also explains why some people collude with controllers—seeking a secure base, embracing a victim identity, or validating internalized self-derogation—and describes collusive tactics like ostentatious helplessness, bottom-up control, and inducing unpredictability to provoke micromanagement. Control Freaks and Their Victims