In this video, Sam Vaknin explained that narcissists and borderline individuals often confabulate—unconsciously fabricating memories to fill gaps caused by dissociation—rather than intentionally lying or manipulating like psychopaths. Confabulations serve as a defensive mechanism to maintain a sense of personal identity and continuity, and both the confabulators and their listeners tend to believe these narratives due to cognitive biases such as confirmation bias and the illusory truth effect. The meeting emphasized the crucial distinction between confabulation as a non-malicious coping strategy and deliberate lies or gaslighting used by psychopaths for manipulative purposes. Why Do You Fall for Narcissist’s “Lies”, “Gaslighting”? (Hindsight Bias, Illusory Truth Effect)